Electric radiator



1. s. WALLMANN.

ELECTRIC RADIATOR.

APPUCATION man SEPT. 25. I920.

; 1,430,706. Patented Oct. 3, 1922.

? WTTTW 8mm Johann G.Wallma'nn.

wwa w J. G. WALLMANN.

ELECTRIC RADIATOR.

APPUCATIUN mu) sum 25, 1920.

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J. 6. WALLMANN. ELECTRIC RADIATOR.

rmcmou FILED sen. 25. 1920.

1,430,796. m Oct 3,1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'II I Johann G. Wallmann'.

Patented Oct. 3, 1922.

UNITED STA JOHAN N G. WALLMANN, OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

ELECTRIC RADIATOR.

Application filed September 25, 1920. Serial No. 412,762.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHANN G. VVALL- MANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented cer= tuin new and useful Improvements in Electric Radiators, of which the following is a specification. T

My invention is an electric steam radiator and its object is to provide a radiator of this type which will be highly efiicient and which-ma be manufactured and sold at a reasonable cost. v 1

My radiator consists of an electric heater composed of a plurality of heating units, a cold air escape device, and a governor switch; said cold air escape device being adapted to allow the cold air to escape from the radiator when heated by said heater, and said governor switch being adapted to cut out one or more units of the heater as the temperature of the radiator rises. above a predetermined degree.

Referring to the annexeddrawings in which my invention is illustrated and which forms a part of this specification,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of my electricstcam radiator.

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the electric heater.

Figure 3 is a cross section of the electric heater taken on line3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an end view of one of the heating units.

Figure 5 is, a side view of the thermal cold air escape controlling device.

Figure 6 is a vertical section of the electric governor switch.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of the governor switch taken on line 77 of Figure 6. l

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view of the electric unit of my invention.

In the drawing, 1 indicates a radiator casing which comprises a horizontal boiler 2 and a plurality of vertical steam chambers 3 spaced a short distance apart, extending upwardly from said boiler and communicating: with each other at their upper end, the casing being mounted on legs 4. A head 5- is screwed into one end of the boiler 2, through which head extends a pipe 6. said pipe extending vertically and communicating: with a funnel 7, a valve 8 being interposed between the pipe and the funnel. The

other end of the boiler has an. internal thread 9. An electricheater 10 includes a cylindrical casing 11. and a plurality of electric heating units 12, 13 and 14 mounted in said casing, which is secured in a threaded flange 15 which screws into the thread 9 and detachably mounts the heater in the boiler 2. Eachof said heating units includes a s lit cylindrical core 16, a pair of semicylmdrical spool members 17 of insulation surrounding said core, and a conducting wire,.19 wound around said spool members. The core 16 includes two walls of-difi'erent materials, an inner wall 20 preferably of brass and an outer wall 21 preferably of steel, said walls being brazed together. The inner surface of the wall 20 is corrugated to provide suflicient; heat radiating surface to enable the core to cool and contract correspondin ly-with the contraction of the wires 19. A- range-22 extends outwardly from one edge of the outer wall 21 of the core 16 between two adjacent edges of the spool members 17. Flanges 23 and 24 extend outwardly from the respective ends of the spool members 17. Spacers 25 are interposed between the adjacent flanges 251 and. 23 ofthe spool members of units 12 and 13 and the units 13 and 14, and the units 12 and 13 and the units 13 and 14 are held together endto-end -a short distance apart by bolts 26 and nuts 27. saidbolts extending through said-adjacent flanges and the spacers therebetween. The core 16 of the unit 12 is detachably secured by screws 29 at one end to asupporting member 30 which is mounted on a stud 31 on the inner end wall of the casing 11, and the core 16 of the unit 14 is detachably secured at its outer end by screws 29 to a supporting member 32 mounted on a stud 33 on abracket 34 secured to the inside of the casing 11. said studs being coaxial with the casing 11 and the cores of the units 12. 13 and 14. thus mounting the units centrallv within the cas ing 11. The outer end of the casing 11 is closed by a. cap 35 which is secured on the casing by screws 36. Binding posts 37 and 38 are mounted in the cap 35 for connecting the units 12, 13 and 14 to a commerlcal circuit. The lower end of a lead conduit 40 extends into the casing 11, a flange 41 being formed on the conduit near its lower end which rests against the outside of th casing, and a nut 42 screwing 0n the lower end of the conduit against the inside of the casing, whereby said conduit is detachabiythreaded opening 51 in its outer side wall in which screws a plug 52 forming part of the controlling devices. Said device also includes a thermal bar 53 secured at' one end to the inside of the plug 52, an elbow 54 tending through the plu 52 and screw seated therein, a bronze tu e 55 secured at one end in the inner end of the elbow 54, a steel bar 56 secured to the under side of the tube 55, a nipple 57 connected to the other end of said tlilie 55 and the adjacent end of bar 56, a cup 58 mounted on the inner end of the bar 53 adjacent the end of said nipple. and a tlibe 59 connected to the outer end of the elbow 54 and a condenser 60 on the outside of the radiator into which the tube 59 extends. cludes a bronze bar 61 and a steel bar 62 which are brazed or otherwise secured togcther. The c1'1p 58 is mounted on the end of a set screw 63 seated inthe inner end of the bar 531 A loclr'nut 64 screws on the screws 63 against the bar 53.v The cup 58 has a conical inner surface 65 into which is adapted ta fit the conical endee (if the nipple 57 as will be more fully described; A governor switch 7 0 is provided for cutting out the heating units 12 and 14 and when the heat of the radiator becomes too great and for closing the circuit ofsaid units when the radiator 00015, The governorswitdh Will'be described in detail. In the upper part of at casing 71 is mounted a pair of knife switches 72 and 73. The switch 72 includes a clip 7% secured to a plate of insulation 7 5 mounted in the casing 71' and a blade 76 pivoted by a pin 77 to and between a pair of cars 78 extending from, a rertical guidewa 79' secured to the plate 7 5. Pins 82 on t m upper end of bar project through wierticalslots 83 in the guideway 79, to the outer end of eachof which pins is connected one end of a spring flfl the other end of said. spring bei'n connected to pins 85 ontheouter'end of theswitcli blade .76. ,.A In 86 projects from the upper end',of the gui' ewe 7 S) for limiting the'o pening movement of the switch X blade 76 on the lower end of the bar 80 is secured a weight fi'l' whicli normally holds the bar in its lowermost position which is determined by the enzagementof the pi'n' 82 with the lower and of the 510i, in which positibnpf the bar and pin the" spring '84 holds the sw tch 72;closed. Inth'e inner edge of the bar S0 jnstabore thew eightg87 is a notch 88, The switch 73 includes a clip 91) secured to the plate 75 and a blade 91 pivoted by pivot 92 to and between a pair of cars 93 The thermal bar 53 iii-- extendingirom a vertical guideway 94 secured to the plate 75. in the g'uidewa 94 is mounted a vertical sliding bar 96 w ich also extends through a strap 97 secured to the plate 75. Pins 98 project from the upper end of bar 96 through vertical slots 9.) in the guideway 94, to the outer cnd of each of which pins is secured one end of a spring 100, the other end of said spring being connected to pins 101 on the outer end of the switch blade 91. A lug 102 projects from the u per end of the guideway 94 for limiting t e op'enin'g movement of the switch blade 91. On the lower end of the bar 96 is secured a weight 1.03 which normally holds the bar in its lowermost position which is determined by the enga ement of the pin 98 with the lower end of the slot 99. in which position of the bar and pin the spring iolds the switch 73 closed. In the inner edge of the bar 96 ahpve the weight 103 is a notch 104. In the bottom of the casing 71 is mounted a bellows 110 from the lower stationary head 111 of which extends a nipple 112 ,to which is connected a steam pipe 113 leading from one of the outer steam chambers 3. A plunger 115 extends vertically from the upper movable head 116 of the bellows 110 through a bearing 117 on a bracket 118 secured to the casing 71 by screws 119 and nuts c120 screwing on the inner end of said screws. The beari 117 is externally threaded and' a nut 121 screws on said hearing. A spring 122 surrounding the plunger 11.5 bears atone end upon the 100 bellowshead 116 and its other end against the nut 121. To the upper end of the plungel 115 is secured a cross bar 123, by means of a screw"124'. Vertical ca'ins 125 and 1 26 are secured at their lower. end to the cross bar 123 and; extend through straps 127 and 128 secu'r'ed'to the plate 75. Horizontal latches 1.30 and 131 are slidably mounted in guideways132 and 133 secured to the plate 75 hetween'the bars .80 and 96, onthe inner end of whieh latches are journaled rollers 1'34 and 135 which engage the cams 125 and 126- respectively, a spring 136 being interposed between the inner ends of the latches to maintain said rollers in engagement with said cams The upper end of the tube 40 connects to arid into the gorernorswitch casing 71 aboiitfmidway between the bottom and ton e'f the casing.

,The heate'rj circuitis' as follows: A lead 140 connectsltO ,bindin post 37 and to a bindingpo'st' 141 on e flange 24 of the lower spoollrnember 17 of unit 14. To the binding postl'lfll is also connected one end 7 oi wire 19 fiunit 14 and one end. of a lead 142, the other'endof said wire 19 bein'g connected to a bolt 26 which connects the upper spool members 17 of units 13 and 14, and the other end of lead142 being connected to a .bolt 26 which holds two lower spool memlead 144 and switch 154 to bers 17 of the units 13 and 14 together. One ehd'o'f a lead 143 is connected to th'ebolt 26 to which the wire 19 of unit 14 is clafineeted, the other end or said lead being connected to the contact clip 74 of the switch 7201 the governor switch. ()ne end of the wire 19 of the unit 13 is connected to the bolt 26120 which the lead 142 iscorm'ected, the other end of said wire being connected to a bolt 26 which holds the upper spool members 17 ofthe units 12 and 13 together. One end of a lead 144 is connected to the bolt 26 which holds the upper s ool members of the units 12 and 13 together, and to which the wire 19 of unit 13 is connected the other end of said lead 144 being connected to the binding post'38; A lead 145 is cohnected'at one eiid to the bolt 26 to which the lead 142 is connected and at its other end to a bolt '26 which holds the lower spool members 17 6f the units 12 and 13 together. One end of the wire-190i thb uliit 1218 connected to the b61t26 430 which the lead iiacoimects, and which connects the lower spool members of units 12 and 13. the other etid of said bei'n' cohnected to a binding post 146 on the fl ange 23 of the upper spool member of uhit 12. A lead 147 connects atone "end to the binding post 146 and at its other end to the clip 6ontact90 of the switch 7 3 of the govei'nor switch. A lead.148 is connected at one end to the binding post 38 and at its other end to the blade 91 of switch 73. A lead 149 connects the blades 91 and 76. The leads 143, 147 and 148 extend through the tube 40.

Leads 150 and 151 of a local circuit which are connected at one end to the mains 152 and 153 of a commercial circuit, are connected at their other end to the binding posts 37 and 38 respectively. A switch 154 is interposed in the lead 151. The operation of my invention is as follows:

The valve 8 is opened and the boiler 2 filled with water through the funnel 7. The valve 8 is then closed and the switch 154 is closed and the heater 10 heats the water in the boiler 2, the electric current passing from main 152, through lead 150, binding post 37, lead 140, binding post 141, lead 142, bolt 26, wire 19 of unit 13, bolt 26, main 153; from wire 19 of unit 14, bolt 26 and lead 143 to the closed switch 72, through switch 72 through lead 149 to blade 91 of switch 73; from bolt 26 to which the lead 142 is connected, through lead 145, bolt 26 and wire 19 of unit 12, binding post 146 and lead 147 to closed switch 73; and from switch 73 through leads 148 and 151 through switch 154 to main 153. Steam is generated in the boiler which fills the steam chambers 3 and forces the cold air out of the radiator through the space between the interior of the cup 58 and the end of the nipple 57, through the nipple, tube 55,

binding ost 141 through 136 and the notches 88 and elbow54, pipe 59 and condenser so into the atmosphere. When the cold air has assed cut-{o f the; radiator the action o f t e steam on the thermal bar 5'3 and tube 55 and bar '56 oa'ilises sa id bars and tube to'exparrd so that the inner end of the bar 53 and the inner end of the ttu'be' 55 and bar -56 move toward eachother 'and the cortical and 66 of the nipple :57 seats tightly in the conical inner surface e's-cf'the eup '7 5s and revents steam from passing out or fihe radiator through said nipple and tube, and-the'elbow 5 4 and pipef59.

IE the'ste'aan iin the raditor erpanelsteyond a predetermined degree the steam passingthrou h pipe 113 and*nipp'le {112 expands the lows 111 and'feroes theflpluir 115, -dross bar 123 and the was 125 and res upwardly, and the cross bar 123 en ag: mg the lbwe'i end bf iih slide bars B@ -and 96foics said bars upward-1y until the "iis 8 2 and 98 pass the switch pivots 77 an 82, whereupon the-springs 84"afnd'100 swing thefsw'itch 76 a'nd 91 upwardly, opeh rhe'swiwhes 7e and t3 kfidshutoli' the cutient; throu h the; units '12 aud 1s, while flhelo'wer surfaces of the cams 125 if1nd '126 are opposite the rollers arid 164 brought op osite the iatehe's 130 and 131,- whereupon the springaae rerees said latches into said respectively are the '80 hard 96-6313 held up bit the switches 72 and 73 held open. The"*tadia'tor"then coolsand the steam contracts whereupon the spring 122 contracts the bellows 110 and forces the plunger 115, cross bar 123 and cams 125 and 126 downwardly. The high surface of the cam 126 first engages the roller 135 and withdraws the latch 131 from the notch 104, and the weight 103 lowers the bar 96, whereupon the spring 100, as soon as the pin 98 asses below the switch pivot 92, swings the switch blade 91 down into the clip 90, closes the switch 73 and reestablishes the circuit through the unit 12. The high surface of the cam 125 then engages the roller 134 and withdraws the latch 130 from the notch 88 and the weight 87 lowers the bar 80, whereupon the spring 84, as soon as the pin 82 passes below the switch pivot 77, swings the switch blade 76 down into the contact sli 74, closes the switch 72 and reestablis es thecircuit through the heat unit 14. The cooling of the radiator creates a partial vacuum therein, which draws any water in the condenser 60 from the condensed steam back through pi e 59, elbow 54, tube 55 and nipple 57 into t e radiator, the nipple end 66 being at this time withdrawn from the inner surface 65 of the cup 58.

The heat of the units 12, 13 and 14 expands their cores 16 and spreads their spool members 17 which take up the expansion of the wires 19 and prevent the strands of the expanded wires from contacting with each otherand short circuiting the unit. The corrugated inner surface of the cores provides sufiicient radiating surface -to radiate the heat of the core fast enou h.to enable the core to contract correspondingly with the contraction of the wires 19.; ,Whem the ,core 16 expands the flange 22'-engages one edge of the lower spool member 17 and turns'said member so thatsaid edgeand the adjacent edge of the upper' spoolimember.will be spaced apart considerablyito .allow vthepheat'ito escape rapidljhfIfDmjhe inside of the COI'6 llell the heat of the unit is turned off and the radiator coolss j a 1 Having described my ihventiomlclaimi 1 A; heatunit includin asplitfishell thermostaticacoraia, pair 0 spool: insulat: ingmembers fitting on said core, and a con: ducting Wire wound around, said spool members:.--=;

:2. A heat unit includin i a 'splitshell thermostaticreoreg a, pair of, spool .insulat ing, members fitting on said; core uand a conducting s'wire wound. around v said spool member sgonetend of said -core. .being bent outwardlywbetween saidgspool members. I 1 3 'A; heater including acasing, a, plurality of heat units :in saidcasing, each unit in-. cluding jar-split j shell thermostatic; "core; a pair of spool. insulating, members fittin said core; and 'a .--..conducting wire'woun around. said spool members, means for de tachably connecting said units a short distance apart, and means for detachably mounting said units in said casing.

LA heater including a casing, a plurality,of heat units in said'casing,.each unit including, a. split shell thermostatic core; a pair of spool insulatingmembers fitting said core and; a conducting wire wound around said spool members, flanges on the'ends of said. spoolzmembers, spacers between the flanges of spool members of. adjacent units, bolts extending throughthe flanges of the adjacentiun-lts and thespacers therebetween and nuts screwing on said bolts to hold the adjacent units.together, and means for detachably mounting the Outerend-of the cores ofthe outer units in the. casing. w

: 5.- A. heat unit comprising two metal sheets of materials having difierent coefli cients of expansion-bent -to forma core, spool], members ofi insulating material fitting said core, and. a conducting wire wound around said core. Y

An electric heat metal shellicore, the innervsurfac'e of said core; being corrugated, a pair. of. spool nem' bers oi insulating material fitting saideore;

and a'conducting wirewouind aroundsaid spool'membersvw In 1 testimony whereof I afiix mysigns-'- ture. 1:3. JOHANiI' Gr WALLMANii; i 7 

